Interpretation of the global standard of BMS for energy storage power station
As the carbon peak and carbon neutrality strategies become the main theme of global energy development, new energy storage is ushering in rapid development. According to data reports from professional consulting agencies, by the end of 2023, the cumulative installed capacity of new energy storage in the world will reach 91.3GW, a year-on-year increase of 100% compared with 2022, of which lithium-ion battery energy storage accounts for as high as 96.9%.
● Safety first, standards first
The rapid development of electrochemical energy storage has attracted much attention to the safety of power stations. In recent years, more than 80 power storage safety accidents have been reported worldwide. For example, in May 2024, a fire broke out at the OTAY MESA Gateway lithium battery energy storage power station in the United States, which lasted for two weeks and reignited many times.
BMS has functions such as battery monitoring, balancing management, and communication control. It can avoid overcharging and over-discharging of batteries and extend battery life. It is the brain of the battery in the energy storage power station. According to the latest statistics from the China Electricity Council, BMS system abnormality is one of the main reasons for unplanned shutdowns of power stations, accounting for more than 20%. BMS is crucial to the safe and reliable operation of power stations.
For the industry to develop, standards must come first. China, North America, Europe and other mainstream regions around the world have formulated relevant standards to specify the functions, performance and other requirements of BMS. The specific references are as follows:
● Interpretation of global standards
There are two main references for energy storage BMS in North America and Europe. One is general safety standards such as UL62368-1, EN/UL/IEC 60730-1, IEC/EN/UL60950-1, and the other is special standards such as CSA/ANSI C22.2 N340:23, UL9540, and IEC 62619. Since the former is a general safety standard, the following mainly focuses on the interpretation of special standards such as CSA/ANSI C22.2 N340:23 and UL9540.
CSA/ANSI C22.2 N340:23
CSA/ANSI C22.2 N340:23 is the energy storage BMS standard released by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) in April 2023. This standard is applicable to BMS for energy storage systems, uninterruptible power supply systems, auxiliary power supply systems, electric vehicles, and light rail. The main test items include temperature, dielectric strength, balance, IO verification test, abnormal operation, electromagnetic compatibility, etc. The specific test content and requirements are as follows:
01 Balance test
The CSA standard stipulates that the overall operation of the BMS should not be affected in the event of a balance failure. The relevant test equipment is required to simulate the voltage difference of each single cell for testing and evaluate the BMS performance.
02 IO verification
The test system is required to simulate IO signal high, low level, short circuit, open circuit, over-limit and other scenarios, and evaluate the BMS performance.
03 Operation abnormality simulation
The test device is required to simulate the BMS operation in scenarios such as vent blockage, input/output interface short circuit, main tank no liquid (liquid cooling), and fuse open circuit.UL9540 Standard for Energy Storage Systems and Equipment
UL9540 Standard for Energy Storage Systems and Equipment
The UL9540 standard was officially released on June 28, 2023, and became a national standard recognized by ANSI and SCC, meeting the use specifications of both the United States and Canada. This standard is applicable to electrochemical, chemical, mechanical and thermal energy storage systems, and evaluates the compatibility and safety between the various components of the energy storage system. The content related to BMS testing mainly includes electrical performance monitoring, alarm, protection, etc. It is required that the BMS should have functions such as single cell voltage, temperature monitoring, total current monitoring, alarm and protection, but there is no clear test method requirement.
IEC 62619-2022
IEC 62619-2022 is a battery standard issued by IEC Battery Technical Committee TC 21/SC 21A on May 24, 2022. The scope of application of this standard includes secondary batteries for fixed applications, such as UPS, energy storage systems, and batteries for generating kinetic energy (widely used in forklifts, AGV, railway and marine vehicles, etc.). Among them, the "8.2 Battery Management System" section stipulates the monitoring requirements of BMS for voltage, current and temperature during battery use. The specific test content and requirements are as follows:
01 Overcharge voltage protection
Verify the responsiveness of the BMS protection function when the single cell voltage is too high and the total voltage of the battery pack is too high.
02 Overcharge current protection
Verify the responsiveness of the BMS protection function when the battery charging current is too high.
03 Over-temperature protection
Verify the responsiveness of the BMS protection function when the battery temperature is too high.
NGI Power Energy Storage BMS Test Solution
01 Global standard adaptation: Meet the test labeling requirements of mainstream countries and regions in the world such as North America and Europe, such as CSA/ANSI C22.2 N340, UL9540, and IEC62619.
02 Full coverage: Meet the BMS test requirements of mainstream energy storage batteries such as lithium-ion batteries, flow batteries, and lead-acid batteries.
02 Overcharge current protection
03 High precision and high integration: Taking the core equipment battery simulator as an example, the single cell voltage accuracy can reach up to 0.1mV, 4U space 36 channels, which can ensure test accuracy and effectively save test space.
04 Modular design: The test system hardware and software are based on the modular design concept, deeply matching the needs of different scenarios. Users can flexibly configure according to the object under test, test scenario, and test project.